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terraforming
The first world beyond Earth for human habitability should be the Moon, not Mars. This is why we should terraform our lunar neighbor first.
A color-coded map of Asia shows four migration phases from China, with arrows pointing toward Papua New Guinea and the Andaman Islands, both circled in yellow.
The plan — conquer China and push west to attack the Ottomans — was peak imperial hubris, as the Spanish themselves eventually realized.
star vs planet vs brown dwarf
Red dwarfs are the Universe's most common star type. Their flaring now makes potentially Earth-like worlds uninhabitable, but just you wait.
The whole isn't greater than the sum of its parts; that's a flaw in our thinking. Non-reductionism requires magic, not merely science.
A raised hand with bracelets is shown in focus against a blurred background of people indoors.
Nearly 30 would be "nones" — an amorphous group that spans from zealous atheists to the vaguely spiritual.
Since the time of Galileo, Saturn's rings have remained an unexplained mystery. A new idea may have finally solved the longstanding puzzle.
Large white letters spelling "AGI" are displayed on a platform in front of steps, with additional bilingual signs reading "REASONERS" and "CHATBOTS" in English and Chinese.
A firsthand look at China’s material progress and clean-tech revolution -- and what could happen if we let an authoritarian state steer AI's future.
A drawing of a group of people soaring in a plane, embodying cosmism.
In revolutionary Russia, a group of forward-thinking philosophers offered an alternative to both futurism and communism.
a diagram of the ocean floor.
About six million years ago, the Mediterranean was sealed off from the Atlantic, and over centuries it ran dry. One megaflood reversed that.
Compton gamma-ray observatory deployment
Across all wavelengths of light, the Sun is brighter than the Moon. Until we went to the highest energies and saw a gamma-ray surprise.
a red and orange abstract background with lines.
Explanations for the cosmic speed limit often conflate mass with inertia.
Book cover of "The Story of CO2 Is the Story of Everything" by Peter Brannen, featuring themes like fire and human evolution, alongside the text “an excerpt from” on a light blue background.
In this excerpt from "The Story of CO2," Peter Brennan explains how changes in the Earth's ecosystem led to fire, which in turn led our ancestors to become the "fire apes."
Technical drawing of an oval-shaped mechanical object with measurements and annotations, overlaid with orange scribble lines, subtly hinting at themes of colonial propaganda.
In this excerpt from "Tales of Militant Chemistry," Alice Lovejoy exposes how the need for uranium during WWII led the Allied governments to turn a blind eye to colonial exploitation.
Three circles show, from left to right, an oyster shell, a Vitruvian-style human figure, and a swirling spiral, linked together on a textured lavender background.
Philosophers once prophesied that evolution would lead to minds far greater — and stranger — than our own.
A hand pulls a green book from a library shelf, surrounded by tsundoku—the gentle art of collecting more books than you can read—with the silhouette of a person formed from the bookshelf and books.
The Japanese practice of "tsundoku" bestows joy and lasting benefits to those who make books an important part of their lives.
A person inspects a large, cylindrical section of a Higgs factory tunnel lined with metal pipes, cables, and equipment—a crucial site for particle physics research.
A next-generation collider is required for studying particle physics at the frontiers. Here's the fastest, cheapest way to get it done.
Amplifying the energy within a laser, over and over, won't get you an infinite amount of energy. There's a fundamental limit due to physics.
Bogumil Baranowski, dressed in a dark suit, white shirt, and patterned tie, stands and smiles in front of a plain light blue background.
The investment advisor and host of the Talking Billions podcast explores childhood curiosity, building networks through kindness, and more.
Map showing Copenhagen, Denmark’s projected 2080 climate as similar to Demigny, France today, with a red arrow connecting the two cities and climate details listed in pop-up boxes.
“Climate analog mapping” finds the place that is currently as warm as your city might be in 60 years.
Full moon over a city skyline at night, high-rise buildings aglow and lights reflecting on the calm water—a scene that inspires 5 science lessons about the moon's impact on our world.
Even just by examining the Moon with the unaided eye, we can learn an incredible amount about the Moon, Earth, and more.
A woman with curly hair sits in a chair holding an open book, looking to the side, surrounded by strange books, drawn white pentagrams, and a lit candle nearby.
Some books are remembered for their lyrical prose or engaging stories. Others are remembered for simply being weird.
Union soldiers in blue uniforms escort prisoners past a burning building with a large hole in the wall while smoke and flames rise, during the American Civil War.
Before becoming America’s most infamous assassin, John Wilkes Booth was a magnetic actor who was beloved by audiences and courted by critics.
comet collide with earth
65 million years ago, a massive asteroid struck Earth. Not only did Jupiter not stop it, but it most likely caused the impact itself.
Painting of a man with red hair and a mustache wearing a white cap, resting his head on his hand, set against a swirling blue background with touches of van Gogh yellow paint highlighting the scene.
In "Human History on Drugs," Sam Kelly explores what the research can tell us about one of history’s most brilliant — and troubled — artists.
the night sky with stars and trees in the foreground.
Looking at a dark, night sky has filled humans with a sense of awe and wonder since prehistoric times. But appearances can be deceiving.
Silhouette of a person standing with hands in pockets, surrounded by concentric oval lines resembling tree rings that symbolize lifespan, in various shades of brown.
Living longer is only half the equation. Here’s how to stay healthier for more of those years.
Krel and Hana Koecher celebrate with StB colleagues after returning to the Eastern Bloc.
In this excerpt from "Agents of Change," Christina Hillsberg tells the story of Martha “Marti” Peterson, the first female case officer stationed in Soviet Moscow.
The tiniest galaxies of all are the most severely dominated by dark matter. Could black holes be the cause of the extra gravity instead?
Map of Bhutan showing its borders with China and India, highlighting several disputed regions with labels indicating their names and locations.
As Beijing encroaches on the territory of the Himalayan kingdom, its ultimate aim is leverage over India.